Loom for weaving tufted fabrics, such as carpets and the like



A. DAVIS.

vLOOM FOR WEAVING TUFTED FABRICS SUCH AS CARPET'S AND THE LIKE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE6, 19m.

1,341,417, v Patented May 25 1920 3 SHEETSSHEET I.

Inventor; I

A. DAVIS.

LOOM FOR WEAVING TUFTED FABRICS SUCH'AS CARPETS AND THE LIKE.

APPLICATION nuzo JUNE 6, 1916.

l 8% A if, Patented May 25, 1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2- A. DAVIS.

LOOM FOR WEAVING TUFTED FABRICS SUCH AS CARPETS AND THE LIKE. APPLICATION FILED JUNE e, 1916.

l gm q y Patented May 25, mm

' type in which the eyes are completely sur-v s'rATEs ra'rrm' orrica.

ARTHUR DAVIS, 01? KIDDERMIIJSTER, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO THOMAS BOND WORTH 8t SONS LIMITED, 01E STOURPORT, ENGLAND.

LOOM FOR WEAVING TUFTED FABRICS, SUCH AS GARPETS'AND THE LIKE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed June 6, 1916. Serial No. 102,075.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ARTHUR DAVIS, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at 62 VVoodfield Crescent, Kidderminster, in the county of Worcester, England, have invented new anduseful Improvements Relating to Looms for Weaving.

Tufted Fabrics, Such as Carpets and the like, of which the following is a specification.

'I his invention relates to looms for fabrics of the kind in which the pile forming yarns or tufts are inserted between the warp threads and are then bound in after being doubled around the desired weft thread or threads.

My present improvements enable a weave of the above kind to be obtained with a fewer number of movements than heretofore, and with a very appreciable saving in the time of working, owing to the several motions, some ofthem concurrent, beingso timed among themselves, as to utilize the main cams to the fullest degree.

The present invention therefore aims not only at simplicity in the machinery, with a proportionate saving of expense and trouble, but chiefly at increasing the output of the loom without impairing its smoothness in action, so that there is no additional wear and tear, in spite of the increase in speed.

In order to carry out these objects, I have devised certain means whereby the whole of the weft shots required for one row of tufts, whether in a two, three or four shot Weave, are produced by one single insertion and withdrawal across the warp threads-of two weft-carrying needles simultaneously, such wefts being placed during the same time in suitable position for the insertion of the tuft yarns as hereinafter described.

The weft-carrying needles may be of the rounded, or else the eyes (or either of them) may be of the type usually termed slip eyes.

Before each insertion of the weft needles and wefts, the warp threads are'inclined by suitable mechanism to form sheds above and below the stuffer or dead warp, which is kept in a horizontal position ,or thereabout. The weft carrying needles enter the sheds so formed, one needle above the dead warp and the other below same until'their eyes" reach the opposite side of the loom,when two small shuttles containing sel'vag threads are passed simultaneously through (or desired being suitably held back in position at the shilttle side of the fabric. I may for instance, hold this portion back by means of the shuttle itself, a special lever or finger (termed herein a placer) servingto carry or push the other portion forward toward the comb. a a

When the needles have been withdrawn Patented May 25, iaao.

out of the sheds, the inclined warp threads are conveniently brought to a more horizontal position. The tuft yarns are then in- 1 sorted through the warp and between the wefts; the sheds are again formed and kept open as much as may be desired, and that then beats u the wefts and tuft yarns close together at t e fell, and the warp threads are brought to their horizontal position or thereabout. The slay now moves toward the back position, and the comb or under reed or the like brings up the tufts.

The tufts having been cut, the sheds are ,re-formed' in reverse position for another insertion of wefts and tufts in similar order as described, the comb first falling to allow the wefts and tufts to be beaten up.

fA two shot weave 'could .be made with only "a slight modification .of the mechanism as disclosed in Figures 10 and 11.

For a three shot weave, the upper needle is preferably supplied with a double oroxtra quantity of weft of the required count or weight, from one or more cops or balls of weft material, and the other needle with the usual quantity of weft from one cop or'ball of weft material, butifthe quantities in each needle are uniform; the weave may still be a satisfactory one, although oneset of wefts will then differ in substance from the other.

I or a four shot weave, each needle may be supplied as desired, with weft from one whether the weave be two shot, three shot of four shot, and therefore any desired change from one weave to the other can be effected with the greatest ease.

I will refer hereinafter to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate diagrammatically an example of the present invention, only so much of an Axminster loom being shown as Will suflice for my purpose, the omitted features being commonly known in the artof tufted pile carpet weaving. I a v Figs. 1-, 2. and 3 show diagrammatically in plan parts of the essentialfeatures of the loom in the positions they occupy during three successive stages of part of an operation relatin to, the dividing. or selecting of the wefts for a three shot weave, the warp threads beingomitted for clearness.

' Fig. 4: is a side view of the loom viewed from the needle side, showing the position or progress from Fig. 2 to Fig. 3, the comb being left out for the purpose of ,showing the weft positions more clearly.

Figs. 5 and 6 are'two diagrams of a two shot weave carried out by my invention,"

the only difference in the second being that the tufts go through to the back ""of the fabric.

.Figs. 7 and 8 are two diagrams of a three shot weave, the second difi'ering from the first only in the tufts extending through to the'back. l

Fig. 9 is a diagram of afour shot weave in which the tufts extend to the back.

Fig. 10 is a side view of the mechanism for producing the two shot weave shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 11' is a similar view in relation to Fig. 6.

Figs. 12 and 13 are side views of the mechanism applicable to the weaves shown in Figs." 8- and 9 respectively.

All of these weaves, and others besides, can be made by suitably applying my present invention.

In the drawings, A represents the upper shuttle race, (the lower shuttle race-with another shuttle being immediately below it), N" the upper needle, N the lower needle, T T the top weft, B B thebottom weft, W the woven fabric leading down to the spikeroll,-E the slay and C thecomb. is a retaining, finger or at er? bolt adapted to slide backward and forward in guides G G upon the side J of the two shuttle races forthe purpose fully explained below, and P and F are special placers or pushing fingers situated at either. side of the loom for the purpose of arranging the wefts for the insertion of the tufts according to the desired weave. Other mechanical details will be mentioned in the further description of the operation.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2-, 3, and 4 in conjunction with Fig. 7, which illustrates my ordinary three shot weave, the upper needle N carries two strands of weft simultaneously in its one eye, which for clearness is shown as a single strand T in Figs. 1 to 4, but is seen as a double strand (or two distinct strands) in the diagram of the weave in Fig. 7. The weft in the lower needle N here being a single strand, is shown of larger substance in Fig. 3, although this difference in substance is optional. Accordin to my method, the whole of the weft B? in the lower shed and the half T of the weft T T in the upper shed is moved forward to the fell of the fabric "W. The tufts Y are inserted into the space V thus formed, that is to say, only the unmovedhalf T of the top weft remains behind the tufts, which are eventually doubled up around the latter T.

Describing the operation in more detail.

.the wefts pull. from the corner Z (Fig. 2

of the fabric around the end of the comb T when being inserted at the right hand side of the loom. The needles N N (mounted parallel upon one holder) are inserted and withdrawn (see Fig. 1) by the usual mechanism. i p 1 The top weft T'. slips off the tail end 'of, the shuttle'H and with the top "selvage A cord 'through it) gets caught and held by the retainer R, which for this purpose has slid meanwhile from the forward position shown in dotted .lines in Fig.- 2 to that shown-iir full lines, in both Figs. 2 and 1.

This backward position of the retainer R is also shown in F ig. .4, .;.,whi'ch will now be morefullydescribedi' The'side framing i K .of the 100111 carries fulcrum pivots X, F and P for threelev'ers respectively, namely X, which is linked by a link R to the retainer R, and the levers'or placers P and F. These three levers X, vP and F are caused to sway to andzfro, as ,desired, by

reason of their lower'ends being controlled by three cams, X F and F 2 mounted on a common shaft K. There are other cams for operating'the'slay E, comb C, (Figs 1, 2, 5 3), needles N, N and other working parts whiclroccupy the usual positions and therefore need'not be described herein. The bottom weft B B is caught by the bottom ,selvage cord S, (see Fig. 2) it being annie The placer P (on shuttle side of loom) and F (on needle side) now come into operation, first P and then F.

The forward swin of P catches all the wefts (viz. T B excepting the top half of the upper one (Figs. 2 and 4), leaving the latter half T stretched across the loom from the retainer R to the top needle N.

In the enlarged Fig. 7, each .half weft T and T is clearly shown as consisting of two strands, although the description or kindof weave would be unafiected ifonly one such strand had been used, inasmuch as the two strands always remain as one undivided.

When the placer-P has proceeded through the positions shown in Figs. 2 and 4 up to the fell of the fabric W (which occupies only a moment of time), the other placer F swings forward, catching the other end of the bottom weft B and moving it up to the fell, as shown in Fig. 3, at the same time taking up the slack in the needle N The tuft yarns are now inserted and the weft T released from the, retainer. The slay E then moves forward and bears against the fell while the tuft spool is rising to draw off more length of tuft for the next insertion. When drawing off ceases by the spool coming to rest, the slay E goes back and the comb C advances and turns up the tuft yarns, whereupon the cutting of the latter takes place.

After the tufts have been turned up, fresh sheds are formed, wefts are inserted, and the order of placing and so on, as described above, is repeated for each successive row of tuft yarns.

Q is a fixed pin or which the top weft T (also the two shuttle selvage cords) may pull, but the edge of the gap M in the shuttle races could be rounded if desired and the pin or roller Q dispensed with. v

In order to make a two or a four shot weave (as in Figs. 5, 6 and 9), it is easy to adapt the placers and retainers, the latter being used on the needle side of the loom also, but in no case need the number of needles be increased.

Referring to Fig. 10, which illustrates mechanism for producing the two-shot weave-shown diagrammatically in Fig. 5, no retainer R (Fig. 4) is required. As the needles pass into the sheds, the weft T in tilt the upper shed is caught by a rising finger on the needle side of the loom. Such finger rises and-falls, and similar fingers are so well known on Axminster looms, that it is thought unnecessary to show a drawing of it. (An example of one will be seen in Southwell and Heads Patent, No. 631,233, reference I in Figs. 1, 2 and 6 of their speciguide roller around.

fication). The weft B in the lower shed becomes pulled around the comb C as shown in Fig. 2. When the needles have reached their farthermost traverse, the shuttles enter the loops of wefts and the needles then return leaving the wefts in the sheds as elongated loops. When these loops of weft have settled onto the shuttle threads S (Fig. 2), the placer P moves the portion of weft B up to the fell, and as soon as the needles are'cl'ear Qf' the sheds, the placer F brings the portion B also up to the fell. The tufts are then inserted, and the slay E (Fig. 4;) brings up the loop of weft T and-T from its rear position shown in Fig. 10 to the forward position shown in Fig.5:

7 After the beat u is finished, the slay swings baclr, the comb turns up the tufts, and the warps L change positions ready for another insertion of wefts, the placers F and P having also in the meantime moved to their rear positions through the action ofthe cams F and P respectively.

Referring to Fig. 11, which shows how the two shot weave, Fig. 6, is made, the retainer R is preferably used for the bottom weft B B but is not indispensable. The weft T and T in the upper shed is pulled around the end of the comb C (Fig. 1) and the portion B of the weft in the lower shed is pulled against a finger (already described in connection with Fig. 10) during the insertion of the needles. After the shuttle cords S have passed through the loops, the placers P and F operate as before described, the tufts are inserted and the weft B B in the bottom shed, after having been released by withdrawal of the retainer R (by cam X Fig. 4) is brought forward by the slay E during the beat up. After this. has been completed, the slay moves toward the rear position, the comb C turns up the tufts around-the wefts B. and B and the warps L L then change positions for the next insertion. The three shot weave (Fig. 7) is the same as described earlier in the specification, but in'this diagram it is shown as made by threading needle N (Figs. 1, 3 and 4) with two threads, instead of one.

The three shot weave (Fig. 8) is constructed by the mechanism illustrated in Fig. ,12, in which the retainer R operates in the weft in the upper shed. The portion of weft 'T shown in Fig. 12 during the inserbrings this portion and also the loop consist- I ing. of 1? and B into the forward position. After the beating up by the slay has finished, and it has moved back toward its rear position, the comb C turns up the tufts around the weft B B in the lower shed, so giving the result shown in Fig. 8. Change of warp positions then take place.

In Fig. 13 is shown the mechanism for producing the four shot weave as in Flg. 9. This form requires two retainers It R, which are operated simultaneously by the one lever K (Fig. 4:) which is used, whether the retainers orretainer be used in the upper or lower wefts, or both. The portions of wefts T and B both pull around the end of comb C during insertion, as shown in Fig. 1. The placer P on left'side is the only one necessary for this weave and by preferably using the wellknown slip eyed needle instead of the inclosed eyed pattern, the lower portion of the upper wefts and the upper portion of the lower wefts may be operated on by placer P as shown. The tufts are 1nserted, retainers R withdrawn, and the beat up of wefts and turning-up of tufts are donein the same order and method as previously stated for the other weaves.

The wefts in either needle for any of th weaves may be double as in top needle of weaves shown in Figs. 7, 8 and 9, and bottom needle of weave, (Fig. 9) or there may be only one thread in each needle as in weaves of Figs. 5 and 6 and the three shot weave shown on sheet.

For the pur ose of a four shot weave for example -(see ig. 9), the placer F will be dispensed with, as the bottom weft B B will require to be split in addition to the top one as in the three shot weave. The placer P on the shuttle side of loom Wlll also be modified, having provision for advancing only half of the bottom weft B B instead of the whole of the latter as before. An additional retainer will also be supplied for retaining the unmoved half of the bottom weft, such retainer being practically a duplicate of the retainer R.

It will be manifest that my present improvements canv be applied to various weaves. I have given examples of two and three shot weaves in Figs. 6 and 8, the tufts going right through to the back of the fabric. Other examples will readily suggest themselves, it being a mere matter of controlling the particular wefts (or parts of weft) whichare required.- In all cases, the shedding movements areidentical, the weft needles are inserted in the same position and intervals, and therefore the same camscan always be used; only the retaining means for the placing devices for the wefts need slight variation, together with the tappets or the like which actuate them.

I claim:

1. In a loom for weaving tufted fabrics, means for inserting all .the wefts necessary for one kind of weave simultaneously, a shuttle mechanism on one side of the loom for forming the selvage, a retainer finger located at the shuttle side of the loom for retaining a portionof the wefts and placer or pusher fingers for advancing the other part of the weftstoward the fell prior to beating up the wefts, the tufts being inserted in the space thus provided.

2. In a loom for weaving tufted fabrics, means for inserting all of the wefts necessary for one kind ofweave simultaneously, a

shuttle mechanism on one side of the loom for forming the selvage, meanslocated at the shuttle side of the loom for retaining a portion of the wefts, and placer or pusher fingers operable successively for advancing the remaining portion of the wefts toward the fell, prior to beating up the wefts, the tufts being inserted in the space thus provided.

3. In a loom for weaving tufted fabrics, means for inserting all of the wefts necessary for one kind of weave simultaneously, a shuttle mechanism on one side of the loom for forming the selvage, means for dividing and retaininga portion of the wefts after same have glided off the end of the shuttle carrying the selvage cord, placer or pusher fingers for advancing the unretained portion of the wefts toward the fell prior to beating up the wefts, the tufts being inserted in the space thus provided.

4. In a loom for weaving tufted fabrics, means for inserting all of the wefts necessary for a weave simultaneously, a shuttle mechanism one one side of the loom for forming the selvage, means located at the shuttle side of the loom for retaining a portion of the wefts after the same have glided off the end of the shuttle and placer or pusher fingers located at opposite sides of the loom and operating successively for. advancing the unretained portions of the wefts toward the fell prior to beating up the wefts, the tufts being inserted in the space thus provided.

In aloom for weaving tufted fabrics,

means for inserting all of the wefts neces sary for one kind of weave simultaneously, a shuttle mechanism on one side of the loom for forming the selvage, a reciprocatory finger or boltlocated at the shuttle side of the loom at the gap of the shuttle race for retaining a portion of the wefts after the same have glided offthe end of the shuttle,

and means for advancing the remaining portion of the wefts toward-'- the fell prior to beating up the wefts, the tufts being inserted in the space thus provided.

retaining a portion of the Wefts after the same have glided off the end of the shuttle,

10 and placer or pusher fingers located at 0pposite sides of the loom and operating successively for advancing the remaining portion of the Wefts toward the fell prior to beating up the Wefts, the tufts being inserted in the space thus provided."

ARTHUR DAVIS.

WVitnesses; I

WILLIAM REGINALD SPARRY, LIONEL MAJOR HIGNELL. 

